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英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

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  1. 23小时前

    第2652期:Naps might not be as good for you as you think

    Surely, they're called power naps for a reason? Aren't naps the key to feeling alert, improving your memory and just generally having a great life? Well, they can be, but things aren't quite that simple. 当然，它们被称为Power Naps是有原因的吗？ 是否会打到感到警觉，改善记忆力并一般过着美好生活的关键？ 好吧，它们可以，但是事情并不那么简单。  It is true that a short nap can help people be more alert, improve their memory and concentration, and reduce risks around tasks with heavy machinery. Our circadian rhythms are responsible for the notorious lull that many of us feel in the early afternoon. This is the best time for a nap. Some companies have installed sleep pods for their employees, hoping to benefit from increased productivity and cognitive performance. But it is also true that naps can cause problems. 的确，短午睡可以帮助人们更加机敏，提高记忆力和集中注意力，并降低用重型机械的任务周围的风险。 我们的昼夜节律负责我们许多人在午后感到臭名昭著的节奏。 这是小睡的最佳时机。 一些公司为员工安装了睡眠豆荚，希望从提高的生产率和认知表现中受益。 但是，午睡也确实会引起问题。 Let's start by thinking about the length. A true power nap should be less than half an hour. Any longer, and it becomes hard to rouse yourself from. Any benefits in terms of alertness are likely to disappear with the grogginess that results from a longer period of slumber. 让我们首先考虑长度。 真正的电力午睡应少于半小时。 不再是，很难从中唤醒自己。 在警觉性方面的任何好处都可能随着较长时间的沉睡而消失。 This isn't the only issue. Naps have been linked to conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure and cardiac problems. However, it's not clear whether these are direct results, or stem from the impact of napping on our sleep habits. If you take a nap after about two or three in the afternoon, it's likely to have a negative effect on your ability to get to sleep at night. Breaking your sleep cycle can lead to bad sleeping habits, which themselves become ingrained. 这不是唯一的问题。 小睡与糖尿病，高血压和心脏问题等疾病有关。 但是，目前尚不清楚这些是直接结果，还是源于小睡对我们睡眠习惯的影响。 如果您在下午大约两到三个后小睡，这可能会对您晚上入睡的能力产生负面影响。 打破睡眠周期会导致不良的睡眠习惯，这本身就会根深蒂固。 Of course, in the same way that naps can lead to bad sleep, it's also true that bad sleep can lead to wanting to take more naps. So, if you find yourself frequently needing to sleep during the day, experts suggest that you consider why that's the case. Are there any potential health issues that could be causing insomnia? Or are work pressures stopping you from getting enough sleep? 当然，就像小睡会导致睡眠不好一样，不良的睡眠也会导致想要小睡。 因此，如果您发现自己经常需要在白天睡觉，专家建议您考虑为什么会这样。 是否有可能引起失眠的潜在健康问题？ 还是工作压力阻止您无法入睡？

    2 分钟

  2. 1天前

    第2651期:Spring to Life!

    We often describe spring as a time of rebirth, renewal and awakening. Many trees are blossoming and early flowers are pushing through the earth.  我们经常将春天描述为重生，更新和觉醒的时期。 许多树木在开花，早期花在地上。  Things are coming to life!  事情正在栩栩如生！  When the weather turns warm, many people suffer from spring fever. Common “symptoms” of spring fever include not being able to focus on school or work, taking long walks, or falling in love.  当天气变暖时，许多人会遭受春季的痛苦。 春季发烧的常见“症状”包括无法专注于学校或工作，长途跋涉或坠入爱河。  So, are you actually sick when you have spring fever?  那么，当您患有春季发烧时，您真的生病了吗？  Originally, yes. Spring fever used to refer to an actual illness. When the weather turned warm, some people developed sore throats, headaches, or stuffy noses.  最初，是的。 春季发烧用来指实际疾病。 当天气变暖时，有些人会出现喉咙痛，头痛或鼻涕。 The definition of “spring fever” slowly changed in the early 1800s.  1800年代初期，“春季发烧”的定义逐渐改变。  People came to use the term to mean a sudden increase of romantic feelings.  人们开始使用该术语来突然增加浪漫情绪。  Elvis Presley describes this feeling in his song “Spring Fever.”  埃尔维斯·普雷斯利（Elvis Presley）在他的歌曲“春季发烧”中描述了这种感觉。  “Spring fever, it comes to everyone. Spring fever, it's time for fun. There’s no doubt now, love is in the air. Get up, get out, spring is everywhere” 春暖花开，人人皆有之。春暖花开，正是寻欢作乐的时节。毫无疑问，空气中弥漫着爱的气息。快起来，出门吧，春天无处不在。 These days, we use “spring fever” to describe a restless feeling after the long, cold days of winter.  如今，我们使用“春季发烧”来描述冬季漫长而寒冷的日子之后的一种不安的感觉。  But the word “spring” is not just a season. It is also a verb that means something happened or appeared quickly.  但是“春天”一词不仅是一个季节。 这也是一个动词，意味着发生了什么事或迅速出现的动词。  When you put “spring” and “life” together, you get spring to life. This expression means something suddenly becomes very active or perhaps seems more alive! You may spring to life after hearing that a distant friend will be visiting you. Or maybe your favorite soccer team finally sprang to life in the second half, played well and won the match.  当您将“春天”和“生命”放在一起时，您会栩栩如生。 这种表达意味着某些事情突然变得非常活跃，或者似乎更活跃！ 您可能会在听到一个遥远的朋友来拜访您之后栩栩如生。 或者，也许您最喜欢的足球队终于在下半场崭露头角，表现出色并赢得了比赛。  But this is just the beginning. There are so many more "spring" expressions that mean to happen suddenly.  但这只是开始。 还有更多的“春季”表情突然发生。  As you can see, American English has so many phrases that use “spring” to mean "something happens quickly." The ones we have heard are just the ones that sprang to mind. In other words, they were the first ones I thought of, without spending much time thinking about it.  如您所见，美国英语的短语使用“春季”来表示“事情很快发生”。 我们听到的只是浮现在脑海的人。 换句话说，它们是我想到的第一个，而没有花很多时间思考它。  But perhaps those examples are confusing. Maybe I should have prepared you instead of just springing them on you. And, I did it again. If you spring something on other people, you have surprised them, usually not in a good way.  但是也许这些例子令人困惑。 也许我应该为您做好准备，而不仅仅是将它们弹出。 而且，我又做了一次。 如果您向其他人弹奏某些东西，您会让他们感到惊讶，通常不是很好。

    3 分钟

  3. 2天前

    第2650期:Green Means Spring and Other Things

    Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is also the color of most growing plants.  绿色本质上是重要的颜色。 它是草的颜色和树木上的叶子。 它也是大多数生长植物的颜色。  Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet ripe or finished.  有时，绿色一词意味着年轻，新鲜和成长。 有时，它描述了尚未成熟或完成的东西。  For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no experience, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns had not yet developed. A century or so later, a greenhorn was a soldier who had not yet had any experience in battle. By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today - a person who is new in a job.  例如，一个没有经验的人，对情况是新手。 在十五世纪，格林霍恩（Greenhorn）是一头年轻的牛或牛，其角尚未发展。 大约一个世纪后，一个格林霍恩（Greenhorn）是一名士兵，尚未在战斗中有任何经验。 到18世纪，一个格林角具有今天的意义 - 一个新工作的人。  About one hundred years ago, greenhorn was a popular expression in the American west. Old-timers used it to describe a man who had just arrived from one of the big cities back east. The greenhorn lacked the skills he would need to live in the hard, rough country.  大约一百年前，格林霍恩在美国西部是一个流行的表达。 老朋友用它描述了一个刚从一个大城市回到东部的一个人。 格林霍恩缺乏在艰难而艰难的国家生活所需的技能。  Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. The expression comes from the early 1900s.  据说有能力良好种植植物的人有绿色的拇指。 表达来自1900年代初。  A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died.  一个绿色拇指的人似乎具有魔幻的触感，使植物迅速生长。 您可能会说，如果您的花园在您的植物死后很长时间，隔壁的女人的拇指却是绿色的。  The Green Revolution is the name given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had green thumbs.  绿色革命是几年前给出的新型大米和其他谷物的名称。 新植物生产了更大的农作物。 绿色革命是绿色拇指的农业科学家努力工作的结果。  Green is also the color used to describe the powerful emotion, jealousy. The green-eyed monster is not a frightening creature from outer space. It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British writer William Shakespeare in his play "Othello." 绿色也是描述强大情感，嫉妒的颜色。 绿眼睛的怪物不是外太空的可怕生物。 这是大约四百年前英国作家威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）在他的戏剧《奥赛罗》中使用的表达。  It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone has something he wants. A young man may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out with someone else. Or, that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if you get a pay raise and she does not.  它描述了一个人在某人想要的东西时的不愉快感觉。 如果他的女友开始和别人出去，一个年轻人可能会遭受绿眼睛的怪物。 或者，如果您得到加薪，那绿眼睛的怪物可能会影响您的朋友，而她却不会。  In most places in the world, a green light is a sign to move ahead. A green light on a traffic signal means your car can continue on. In everyday speech, a green light means approval to continue with a project. We want you to know we have a green light to continue this series next week.  在世界上大多数地方，绿灯是前进的标志。 交通信号上的绿灯意味着您的汽车可以继续进行。 在日常演讲中，绿灯意味着要继续进行项目的批准。 我们希望您知道我们有一个绿灯可以下周继续本系列。

    4 分钟

  4. 3天前

    第2649期:Obesity Drugs Not Linked to Suicidal Thoughts(2)

    Researchers compared nearly 53,000 Wegovy patients to the same number of closely matched users of other weight-loss drugs.  研究人员将近53,000名Wegovy患者与其他减肥药物的密切匹配使用者进行了比较。 They found that during the first six months of use, first-time suicidal thoughts were reported by 0.11 percent of Wegovy users. That is compared to 0.43 percent of users of other drugs that do not belong to the same class as semaglutide.  他们发现，在使用的前六个月中，有0.11％的Wegovy用户报告了首次自杀念头。 相比之下，有0.43％的其他药物的用户与semaglutide不属于同一类。  After taking other risk factors into consideration, the risk of first-time suicidal thoughts was 73 percent lower with Wegovy, the researchers said.  研究人员说，在考虑了其他风险因素之后，Wegovy首次自杀念头的风险降低了73％。  No patient in the Wegovy group reported a suicide attempt, compared to 14 users of the other drugs, the report said.  报告说，Wegovy组中没有患者报告自杀企图，而其他药物的14种使用者。  Among patients with a history of suicidal thoughts, the risk of recurring suicidal thoughts was 56 percent lower with Wegovy than other weight-loss medicines. 在有自杀思想史的患者中，与其他减肥药物相比，Wegovy的反复自杀思想的风险低56％。  Similar patterns were seen for use of Ozempic compared with other diabetes drugs.  与其他糖尿病药物相比，观察到使用Ozempic的类似模式。  The findings were consistent no matter the patients’ sex, age, or ethnicity for both semaglutide types, the researchers found.  研究人员发现，无论患者两种类型的患者的性别，年龄或种族如何，这些发现都是一致的。  Such a study cannot prove that GLP-1 agonists do not increase the risk of suicidal ideation. But the findings may reduce concerns.  这样的研究无法证明GLP-1激动剂不会增加自杀意念的风险。 但是这些发现可能会减少关注点。  The researchers were unable to assess the statistical significance of differences in actual suicide attempts. The researchers noted that suicide attempts are "critically different from suicidal ideations."  研究人员无法评估实际自杀企图差异的统计意义。 研究人员指出，自杀企图“与自杀意念截然不同”。  Pamela Davis is a professor at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine in Ohio. She was one of the writers of the study. She said the growth in popularity of Ozempic makes it very important “to understand all its potential complications.” 帕梅拉·戴维斯（Pamela Davis）是俄亥俄州凯斯（Case Western Reserve）医学院的教授。 她是研究的作者之一。 她说，Ozempic的受欢迎程度的增长使得“了解其所有潜在并发症”非常重要。  Suggestions that the drug may cause suicidal thoughts are not supported by “this very large and diverse population in the U.S.,” Davis added. 戴维斯补充说，“美国这个非常大而多样化的人群”的建议不支持引起自杀念头的建议。

    3 分钟

  5. 4天前

    第2648期:Obesity Drugs Not Linked to Suicidal Thoughts(1)

    A large U.S. study found no evidence that taking Ozempic or Wegovy is tied to an increase in suicidal thoughts, researchers reported recently.  研究人员最近报道说，一项大型美国研究没有发现证据表明服用Ozempic或Wegovy与自杀思想的增加有关。  Both Ozempic for type 2 diabetes and the obesity treatment Wegovy have the same active ingredient, semaglutide.  用于2型糖尿病的Ozempic和肥胖治疗Wegovy具有相同的活性成分，semaglutide。 The analysis included electronic medical record data from more than 1.8 million patients. Researchers actually found a lower risk of new and recurring suicidal thoughts in those taking semaglutide compared to those using other medications for weight loss or diabetes.  该分析包括来自180万患者的电子病历数据。 研究人员实际上发现，与使用其他药物减肥或糖尿病的药物相比，在服用半卢替肽的人中，新的和反复出现的自杀思想的风险较低。  Semaglutide belongs to a class of drugs known as GLP-1 agonists, which were designed to treat type 2 diabetes. In addition to helping control blood sugar levels, the drugs produce a feeling of fullness.  半卢宾属于一类称为GLP-1激动剂的药物，这些药物旨在治疗2型糖尿病。 除了帮助控制血糖水平外，这些药物还会产生一种饱满感。  Concerns over reports of suicidal ideation connected with semaglutide led to an investigation by the European Medicines Agency. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has listed suicidal ideation as a possible safety concern for GLP-1 drugs.  人们对与Semaglutide有关的自杀念头的报道的担忧导致了欧洲药品局的调查。 美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）已将自杀意念列为GLP-1药物的安全问题。  A Reuters examination last year found that the FDA had received 265 reports of suicidal thoughts or behavior in patients taking semaglutide or similar medicines since 2010. Thirty-six of those reports describe a death by suicide or suspected suicide.  路透检查员去年的一项检查发现，自2010年以来，FDA收到了265例服用Semaglutide或类似药物的患者的自杀念头或行为的报告。这些报告中有36例描述了自杀或怀疑自杀的死亡。  Such events do not prove a connection between a drug and a side effect. But they can signal to officials a need to study a specific risk.  此类事件不能证明药物与副作用之间的联系。 但是他们可以向官员发出信号，需要研究特定的风险。 The study appeared online in the journal Nature. It was funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The researchers examined data on 240,258 U.S. patients prescribed Wegovy or other medications for weight loss and nearly 1.6 million with type 2 diabetes prescribed Ozempic or other treatments.  该研究在《自然》杂志上在线出现。 它由美国国立卫生研究院资助。 研究人员检查了有关240,258名美国患者的数据，以减肥或其他药物为160万例服用Wegovy或其他药物，并使用了2型糖尿病开处方的Ozempic或其他治疗方法。

    3 分钟

  6. 5天前

    第2647期:Gene Treatment Lets Children Deaf at Birth Hear(2)

    The researchers say that the one-time therapy gives a working copy of that gene to the inner ear during a medical operation. Most of the children were treated in one ear, although one child in the two-person study was treated in both ears. 研究人员说，一次性疗法在医疗操作过程中将该基因的工作副本赋予了内耳。 尽管两人的研究中的一个孩子在两个耳朵中都接受了治疗，但大多数孩子都被一只耳朵接受治疗。 The study with six children took place at Fudan University in Shanghai. Dr. Yilai Shu helped lead the study and trained in Chen’s laboratory. Chen was involved in the research. Chinese science organizations and biotechnology company Shanghai Refreshgene Therapeutics helped provide financial support.  与六个孩子的研究在上海的福丹大学进行。 Yilai Shu博士帮助领导了这项研究，并接受了Chen的实验室的培训。 陈参与了研究。 中国科学组织和生物技术公司上海刷新的治疗学有助于提供财务支持。 Researchers observed the children for about six months. They do not know why the treatment did not work in one of them. But the five others, who were completely deaf, can now hear a normal discussion, the researchers said.  研究人员观察到孩子大约六个月。 他们不知道为什么治疗在其中一种中没有起作用。 研究人员说，但是五个完全聋哑的五个人现在可以听到正常的讨论。  Chen estimated they now hear at a level 60 percent to 70 percent of normal. The therapy caused no major side effects.  陈估计他们现在听到的是正常水平的60％至70％。 该疗法没有引起重大副作用。 Early results from other research have shown similar results.  其他研究的早期结果显示出相似的结果。 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals is a biotech company based in New York state. It announced in October that a child under two years old showed improvements six weeks after gene therapy. The results came from a study Regeneron did with support from Decibel Therapeutics, a company in Boston.  Regeneron Pharmaceuticals是一家位于纽约州的生物技术公司。 它在十月份宣布，两岁以下的儿童在基因治疗六周后表现出改善。 结果来自Regeneron在波士顿公司的Decibel Therapeutics的支持下进行的研究。  Columbia University’s Dr. Lawrence Lustig is involved in the Regeneron study. He said although the children in these studies do not end up with very good hearing, “even a moderate hearing loss recovery in these kids is pretty astounding.”  哥伦比亚大学的劳伦斯·卢斯蒂格（Lawrence Lustig）博士参与了Regeneron研究。 他说，尽管这些研究中的孩子们并没有听到很好的听力，但“即使这些孩子的听力损失恢复也令人震惊。”  He added that many questions remain. They include how long the therapies will last and if hearing will continue to improve in the children.  他补充说，仍然存在许多问题。 它们包括疗法将持续多长时间，以及儿童的听力是否会继续改善。  Some people question if gene therapy for deafness is ethical.  有些人质疑基因疗法是否对耳聋是道德的。  Teresa Blankmeyer Burke is a professor who is deaf and who deals with medical ethics. She teaches at Gallaudet University, a university for deaf people in Washington, D.C. She said that there is no agreement about the need for gene therapy targeting deafness.  Teresa Blankmeyer Burke是一位聋哑人，涉及医学道德的教授。 她在华盛顿特区的聋人大学加洛德大学（Gallaudet University）教授。  She also pointed out that deafness does not cause severe or deadly illness. Blankmeyer Burke said that it is important to work with deaf community members about the importance of gene therapy. She added gene therapy is seen by many as a possible threat to “signing Deaf communities.”  她还指出，耳聋不会引起严重或致命的疾病。 布兰克迈尔·伯克（Blankmeyer Burke）说，与聋人社区成员合作有关基因疗法的重要性很重要。 她补充说，许多人认为基因疗法可能是对“签署聋人社区”的可能威胁。  However, Chen said: “This is real proof showing gene therapy is working.” And he added, “It opens up the whole field.”  但是，陈说：“这是表明基因疗法正在起作用的真正证据。” 他补充说：“这打开了整个领域。”

    4 分钟

  7. 6天前

    第2646期:Gene Treatment Lets Children Deaf at Birth Hear(1)

    Gene treatments are being credited with permitting several children born with deafness to hear again.  允许几个患有耳聋的孩子再次听到基因治疗。  Gene therapy is a medical treatment that aims to change a few of a patient’s genes to cure a genetic disease.  基因治疗是一种医疗，旨在改变一些患者的基因来治愈遗传疾病。  A small study recently published in The Lancet reported improvements in the hearing in five of six children who were treated in China.  最近在《柳叶刀》上发表的一项小型研究报告说，在中国接受治疗的六名儿童中有五名听证会有所改善。  Around the same time, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in the U.S. eastern state of Pennsylvania announced similar improvements in an 11-year-old boy treated there. And earlier, Chinese researchers published a study showing similar improvements in two other children.  大约在同一时间，美国东部宾夕法尼亚州的费城儿童医院宣布在那里接受治疗的11岁男孩进行了类似的改善。 早些时候，中国研究人员发表了一项研究，显示了另外两个孩子的相似改善。  The experimental methods, or therapies, target only one rare condition. But scientists say similar treatments could someday help many more children with other kinds of deafness caused by genes.  实验方法或疗法仅针对一种罕见条件。 但是科学家说，有一天类似的治疗可能会帮助更多的儿童患有基因引起的其他耳聋。  Around the world, 34 million children have deafness or hearing loss. And information from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says genes are responsible for up to 60 percent of cases.  在世界各地，有3400万儿童有耳聋或听力损失。 美国疾病控制与预防中心的信息说，基因最多造成60％的病例。  Deafness caused by genes is passed down from parents to children. It is called hereditary deafness. It is the latest condition scientists are targeting with gene therapy. Gene therapy is already approved to treat illnesses such as sickle cell disease and severe hemophilia.  由基因引起的耳聋从父母传给孩子。 这被称为遗传性耳聋。 这是科学家使用基因治疗的最新疾病。 基因疗法已经被批准用于治疗诸如镰状细胞疾病和严重血友病之类的疾病。  Children with hereditary deafness often get a device called a cochlear implant that helps them hear sound.  具有遗传性耳聋的孩子通常会得到一种称为人工耳蜗的设备，该设备可以帮助他们听到声音。 “No treatment could reverse hearing loss…That’s why we were always trying to develop a therapy,” said Zheng-Yi Chen of Boston’s Mass Eye and Ear, a treatment center for eye and ear problems. He is a writer of the study published in The Lancet. “We couldn’t be more happy or excited about the results.”  “没有治疗可以逆转听力的损失……这就是为什么我们总是试图开发一种疗法的原因，”波士顿大众眼睛和耳朵的郑杨说。 他是该研究发表在柳叶刀上的作者。 “我们对结果感到高兴或兴奋。 ”The team recorded videos of patients. One shows a baby, who formerly could not hear at all, looking back in response to a doctor’s words six weeks after treatment. Another shows a little girl 13 weeks after treatment repeating father, mother, grandmother, sister, and “I love you.” 团队录制了病人的视频。 一个人显示了一个婴儿，他以前根本听不到，在治疗六周后回顾一下医生的话。 另一个人在治疗后13周表明了一个小女孩，重复父亲，母亲，祖母，姐姐和“我爱你”。  All the children in the experiments have a condition that is believed to cause two to eight percent of hereditary deafness. It is caused by changes in a gene responsible for an inner ear protein called otoferlin, which helps hair cells send sound signals to the brain. 实验中的所有孩子都有一种据信造成遗传性耳聋的二至8％的疾病。 它是由负责内耳蛋白的基因变化引起的，该蛋白称为Otoferlin，该蛋白可以帮助毛细胞向大脑发送声学信号。

    4 分钟

  8. 4月30日

    第2645期:Unique dinosaur species found in Mongolia

    Therizinosaurs lumbered around the Earth on their hind legs tens of millions of years ago. Some researchers have likened them to giant feathered sloths. Every species discovered so far had three fingers with strikingly long claws on each hand. But this new discovery in Mongolia only had two. 镰刀龙是一类在数千万年前的地球上用后肢缓慢行走的恐龙。一些研究人员把它们比作巨大的长有羽毛的树懒。在此之前发现的每种镰刀龙每只手上都有三个指，每个指上都长有醒目的长爪。但本次在蒙古发现的新品种只有两个指。  At about three metres in length and weighing more than a quarter of a ton, it was a medium sized dinosaur. And despite their sharp claws' nightmarish appearance, this reptile was not a predator. Instead, it's thought to have used its hands to grasp vegetation. 这种镰刀龙体长三米，体重超过四分之一吨，属于中型大小的恐龙。虽然它们的利爪看起来颇为可怕，但这种爬行动物并非掠食者。科学家认为它们其实是用手来抓取植物而非猎物。 词汇表 lumbered 缓慢地行走hind 后部的，后面的feathered 有羽毛的sloths 树懒strikingly 醒目地，显著地claws 爪子nightmarish 可怕的，噩梦般的predator 掠食者grasp 抓握，抓取vegetation 植物，植被

    1 分钟
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